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Laws regarding child sexual abuse
Laws against child sexual abuse vary by country based on the local definition of who is a child and what constitutes child sexual abuse. Most countries in the world employ some form of age of consent, with sexual contact with an underage person being criminally penalized. As the age of consent to sexual behaviour varies from country to country, so too do definitions of child sexual abuse.〔(Overview of the nature and extent of child sexual abuse in Europe )〕 An adult's sexual intercourse with a minor below the legal age of consent may sometimes be referred to as statutory rape,〔''Black's Law Dictionary 8th Edition''. child, "at common law, a person who has not reached the age of 14." ''See also'' definition under rape "carnal knowledge of a child is frequently declared to be rape by statute."〕 based on the principle that any apparent consent by a minor could not be considered legal consent.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty that legally obligates nations to protect children's rights. Articles 34 and 35 of the CRC require states to protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. This includes outlawing the coercion of a child to perform sexual activity, the prostitution of children, and the exploitation of children in creating pornography. States are also required to prevent the abduction, sale, or trafficking of children.〔(''United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.'' )〕 As of December 2014, 195 countries have ratified the Convention, including every member of the United Nations except the United States and South Sudan.〔United Nations Treaty Collection. ''(Convention on the Rights of the Child )''. Retrieved 21 May 2009.〕
==In the United States==
(詳細はchild maltreatment in U.S. federal law since the initial Congressional hearings on child abuse in 1973.〔''Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974,'' (most recently reauthorized by Public Law No.108-36, (2003)).〕 Child sexual abuse is illegal in every state,〔(''State Statutes - Child Abuse and Neglect,'' ) Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.〕 as well as under federal law.〔(''Index of Child Welfare Laws,'' ) Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.〕 Among the states, the specifics of child sexual abuse laws vary, but certain features of these laws are common to all states.〔(''Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect, Summary of State Laws,'' ) National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.〕
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